By eugenie
Afghanistan has faced successive armed conflicts since the communist takeover in 1978, including civil wars, the rise of the Taliban, the post-2001 intervention by the United States, and a prolonged conflict between the Taliban and the former government, which was supported for two decades by an international military presence. The 2020 agreement paved the way … Continued
By juliette
Lebanon has faced recurrent armed conflicts and instability since independence in 1943. Since 1967, the Shebaa Farms have remained under Israeli occupation and, following its intervention in the Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990), Israel also occupied a southern security zone until 2000. In 1978, the United Nations deployed UNIFIL. Hezbollah emerged during the civil war as … Continued
By eugenie
An international armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine, triggered in 2014 by Russia’s intervention and occupation of Crimea, persisted during the period under review, with Russian belligerent occupation of several Ukrainian regions and failed attempts at a peace deal. In 2022 Russia launched a large-scale invasion of Ukraine, occupied further Ukrainian territories and conducted prolonged … Continued
By eugenie
The armed conflict in Mozambique’s Cabo Delgado province between Mozambique armed forces, supported by forces from several States, and the Islamic State Mozambique Province (ISM) began in 2017 and constitutes a non-international armed conflict under international humanitarian law, meeting the requirements for the application of Additional Protocol II. ISM has systematically attacked civilians and civilian … Continued
By eugenie
The armed conflicts in Colombia originate from the 1960s, when Marxist guerrillas formed in response to unequal land distribution, later fuelled by the illicit drug economy and the emergence of right-wing paramilitaries. Despite the 2016 peace agreement with FARC-EP and the conclusion of temporary ceasefires with various armed groups under President Petro’s “Total Peace” policy, … Continued
By eugenie
Throughout the reporting period, Iraq has witnessed the continuation of long-standing armed conflicts, as well as the emergence of relatively short-lived new confrontations. Although the level of violence experienced since 2023 was lower compared to previous years, several situations (continue to) amount to armed conflicts under IHL. Iraq (supported by international partners) continues to carry … Continued